One of Sri Lanka’s most impressive ancient cities is Polonnaruwa Kingdom, which is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This historical capital of the Middle Ages provides a window into the Polonnaruwa Kingdom’s heyday. We shall discuss the historical significance of Polonnaruwa, its rich past, and how to visit this historical treasure in this blog.
Polonnaruwa Ancient City: A Walk Through Time
An archaeological goldmine, Polonnaruwa Kingdom was Sri Lanka’s second capital after Anuradhapura was destroyed in the tenth century. King Vijayabahu I founded the city as the capital in 1070 AD, and it flourished under Parakramabahu I’s rule (1153–1186 AD), when he turned it into a well-planned city with intricate irrigation systems, palaces, and temples.
The historic sites that house the old city’s historical landmarks each convey the tale of the kingdom’s opulence. The most notable region is the Quadrangle, a condensed collection of ruins that consists of the Gal Potha, Thuparama, and Vatadage (Stone Book). The exquisite skill of the old Sri Lankan artisans is on display in these constructions.
Polonnaruwa Kingdom History: A Legacy of Great Kings
A pivotal era in Sri Lankan history was the Polonnaruwa Kingdom. Polonnaruwa became the new capital after Anuradhapura fell, signaling the beginning of an era of prosperity. A number of well-known monarchs who ruled the kingdom contributed to its growth.
- King Vijayabahu I : After driving off the Chola invaders, King Vijayabahu I (1055–1110 AD) is credited with making Polonnaruwa the nation’s capital. He started repairing Buddhist structures and temples, setting the stage for later kings.
- King Parakramabahu I : Perhaps the most well-known king of this era is King Parakramabahu I, sometimes referred to as Parakramabahu the Great. It’s common to refer to his rule as Polonnaruwa’s golden age. One of Parakramabahu I’s most notable irrigation endeavors is the building of the Parakrama Samudra, a sizable reservoir that is still in use today. The remnants of the city’s infrastructure and architecture bear witness to his accomplishments.
- King Nissanka Malla : Following Parakramabahu I, King Nissanka Malla (1187–1196 AD) carried on the city’s growth. He contributed to the architectural grandeur of the kingdom by constructing a number of temples and civic buildings.
Why is Polonnaruwa Famous?
The well-preserved remains of Polonnaruwa Kingdom are well-known for providing a glimpse into the past. The city is also renowned for its technical feats, like as the Parakrama Samudra reservoir, which demonstrates the sophisticated understanding of hydraulics that the prehistoric Sri Lankans possessed. With its many Buddhist temples and statues, such as the well-known Gal Vihara, a collection of Buddha figures carved into a single granite rock, the city is also well-known for its religious significance.
Polonnaruwa’s contribution to Sri Lanka’s religious and cultural revival is another factor in its notoriety. Scholars, artists, and monks from all throughout Asia flocked to the city as it developed into a hub for scholarship and the arts. The art and architecture of the area still bear the influence of this cultural center.
Polonnaruwa Kingdom: How Long Should You Spend Exploring?
While exploring the main sites in Polonnaruwa takes at least a full day, history buffs may find themselves wishing to stay longer. Two days give you more time to explore at your leisure and fully understand the historical value of each monument, without feeling rushed.
Since the historic city is spread out, it is best to schedule your visit in advance. You may make the most of your trip by renting a bicycle or hiring a tour, which will let you see more of the site and learn more about the ruins’ significance and history.
Who Founded Polonnaruwa?
In 1070 AD, King Vijayabahu I of Sri Lanka made Polonnaruwa Kingdom the nation’s capital. Under the control of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, Polonnaruwa served as a vital military outpost prior to becoming the capital. After years of foreign invasion, King Vijayabahu I is credited for uniting the nation and establishing Polonnaruwa as the capital because of its advantageous location and bountiful terrain.
But later kings, most notably King Parakramabahu I, expanded on the city’s foundations to create a bustling capital with an advanced infrastructure and impressive structures.
How Old is Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa’s history extends over a millennium, with the start of its golden age occurring with its installation as the capital in the eleventh century. The 12th-century ruins that you see today are a reflection of the city’s height of prosperity under King Parakramabahu I. Even so, the region was occupied much earlier; in fact, some of the buildings date back to when the city was formally established as the capital.
Following several invasions and the final relocation of the capital to Dambadeniya, the city’s collapse started in the thirteenth century. In spite of this, Polonnaruwa continued to be a significant holy place, and its impressively well-preserved remains provide a clear picture of its historic history.
Why Go to Polonnaruwa?
Anyone with an interest in history, archeology, or culture should definitely visit Polonnaruwa. With its palaces, temples, and statues narrating Sri Lanka’s rich past, the old city presents a rare chance to stroll amid the ruins of a once-thriving country.
Experience the architectural magnificence of the ancient Sri Lankans in Polonnaruwa, from the magnificent Lankathilaka temple to the finely carved Gal Vihara. The city is the ideal place to retreat into nature and history since it provides a calm atmosphere surrounded by lush foliage and the placid waters of the Parakrama Samudra.
How to Visit Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa is situated roughly 200 kilometers northeast of Colombo in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province. The city is reachable by car, and it is connected to other major cities by a number of bus and train routes. About 70 kilometers distant, in Sigiriya, is the closest airport.
When visiting Polonnaruwa, renting a bicycle from a local shop is the finest way to see the ancient city. As an alternative, you can hire a guide with a car or a tuk-tuk to show you around the important locations. Since the major sites are dispersed around a sizable area, transportation is necessary for a comfortable stay.
Polonnaruwa: What to See
Polonnaruwa is home to numerous historical sites, each with its own significance. Here are some of the must-see attractions:
- The Vatadage : , Thuparama, and Gal Potha are among the most significant ruins that can be found in the Quadrangle, which forms the center of the old city. The elaborate stone sculptures on the circular relic dwelling Vatadage are especially remarkable.
- Gal Vihara : One of the most well-known locations in Polonnaruwa is Gal Vihara, which has four Buddha images carved out of a single granite rock. The sculptures, which feature two standing, one seated, and one reclining Buddhas, are outstanding examples of prehistoric Sri Lankan art.
- Parakrama Samudra: Constructed by King Parakramabahu I, this enormous reservoir is also referred to as the Sea of Parakrama and is a tribute to the Polonnaruwa Kingdom’s highly developed engineering abilities. The reservoir is a wonderful place for a picnic or a leisurely stroll because it is surrounded by beautiful scenery.
- Lankathilaka Temple: One of Polonnaruwa’s biggest buildings, this magnificent temple was constructed by King Parakramabahu I. The enormous standing Buddha statue within the temple and its imposing walls are breathtaking.
- Royal Palace: The remnants of King Parakramabahu I’s Royal Palace provide an insight into the splendor of the former monarchy. The king’s audience hall, swimming pools, and other royal structures are all part of the palace complex.
- Rankoth Vehera: Another important religious landmark in Polonnaruwa, this massive stupa was constructed by King Nissanka Malla. With its enormous dome and surrounding pillars, the stupa’s design is reminiscent of Anuradhapura architecture.
Sigiriya and Polonnaruwa: A Combined Historical Experience
Many times, a visit to Sigiriya, another UNESCO World Heritage Site around 70 kilometers distant, is coupled with a visit to Polonnaruwa. Rising impressively from the lowlands is the historic rock castle known as Sigiriya, or Lion Rock. The property features large gardens, frescoes, and the remains of an ancient palace.
A thorough grasp of Sri Lanka’s ancient past can be gained by visiting both Sigiriya and Polonnaruwa. Polonnaruwa represents the architectural and cultural rebirth of the 12th century, whereas Sigiriya displays the technical mastery and artistic accomplishments of the 5th century. They are an essential component of Sri Lanka’s cultural triangle when combined.
Conclusion
A testimony to Sri Lanka’s rich past and cultural legacy is Polonnaruwa. The historic city provides a singular trip through time with its well-preserved remains and tranquil surroundings. Polonnaruwa is an important place to visit, regardless of your interests in history, archeology, or simply discovering Sri Lanka’s cultural treasures.
With its magnificent architecture, serene settings, and rich history, Polonnaruwa promises to provide an amazing experience that will leave you deeply appreciating Sri Lanka’s illustrious past. Thus, gather your belongings and embark on a journey into the core of Sri Lanka’s historical history as you explore the ancient city of Polonnaruwa.
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